Rare tumors: a blue ocean of investigation / 医学前沿

Advances in novel drugs, therapies, and genetic techniques have revolutionized the diagnosis and treatment of cancers, substantially improving cancer patients' prognosis. Although rare tumors account for a non-negligible number, the practice of precision medicine and development of novel therapies are largely hampered by many obstacles. Their low incidence and drastic regional disparities result in the difficulty of informative evidence-based diagnosis and subtyping. Sample exhaustion due to difficulty in diagnosis also leads to a lack of recommended therapeutic strategies in clinical guidelines, insufficient biomarkers for prognosis/efficacy, and inability to identify potential novel therapies in clinical trials. Herein, by reviewing the epidemiological data of Chinese solid tumors and publications defining rare tumors in other areas, we proposed a definition of rare tumor in China, including 515 tumor types with incidences of less than 2.5/100 000 per year. We also summarized the current diagnosis process, treatment recommendations, and global developmental progress of targeted drugs and immunotherapy agents on the status quo. Lastly, we pinpointed the current recommendation chance for patients with rare tumors to be involved in a clinical trial by NCCN. With this informative report, we aimed to raise awareness on the importance of rare tumor investigations and guarantee a bright future for rare tumor patients.

Projected burden of stroke in China through 2050 / 中华医学杂志(英文版)

BACKGROUND@#Stroke is the leading cause of death in China, and predicting the stroke burden could provide essential information guiding the setting of medium- and long-term health policies and priorities. The study aimed to project trends associated with stroke burden in China through 2050, not only in terms of incidence and mortality but also for prevalence and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs).@*METHODS@#Data on stroke rates in incidence, prevalence, deaths, and DALYs in China between 1990 and 2019 were obtained from a recent Global Burden of Disease study. Demographic-specific trends in rates over time were estimated using three models: the loglinear model, the Lee-Carter model, and a functional time series model. The mean absolute percentage error and the root mean squared error were used for model selection. Projections up to 2050 were estimated using the best fitting model. United Nations population data were used to project the absolute numbers through 2050.@*RESULTS@#From 2019 to 2050, the crude rates for all measures of the stroke burden are projected to increase continuously among both men and women. We project that compared with those in 2019, the incidence, prevalence, deaths, and DALYs because of stroke in China in 2050 will increase by 55.58%, 119.16%, 72.15%, and 20.04%, respectively; the corresponding increases in number were 2.19, 34.27, 1.58, and 9.21 million. The age-standardized rate is projected to substantially decline for incidence (8.94%), death (40.37%), and DALYs (43.47%), but the age-standardized prevalence rate is predicted to increase by 10.82%. By 2050, the burden of stroke among the population aged ≥65 years will increase significantly: by 104.70% for incidence, by 218.48% for prevalence, by 100.00% for death, and by 58.93% for DALYs.@*CONCLUSIONS@#With the aging population in China increasing over the next three decades, the burden of stroke will be markedly increased. Continuous efforts are needed to improve stroke health care and secondary prevention, especially for older adults.

Research on slotting optimization of medical devices warehouse in class A tertiary hospital / 医疗卫生装备

Objecive To explore modern management and optimization of hospital warehouse slotting with some class A tertiary hospital taken as an example.Methods EIQ_ABC classification method,multi-objective assignment model and genetic algorithm were used to analyze and simulate the data of 126 kinds of medical devices for 20 orders.Results The medical devices were divided into nine categories of Ⅰ A,Ⅰ B,Ⅰ C,Ⅱ] A,Ⅱ B,Ⅱ C,Ⅲ A,Ⅲ B and Ⅲ C.It's suggested that emphasized management and precision slotting storage were carried out for A categories of devices,dedicated storage for B categories and random storage for C categories.At the same time,the layout of the warehouse was optimized according to the importance of the goods so that the important goods were placed near the passageway.Slotting analog simulation diagram was obtained based on multi-objective assignment model of Ⅲ A category medical device.Conclusion Classified management and allocation as well as slotting optimization of medical devices contribute to improving hospital modern management in efficiency,cost and error rate.

Determination of ginsenoside Rg_1 and Re in Shenqi Granula by HPLC / 中草药

Objective To establish an HPLC method for the determination of ginsenosides Rg1 and Re in Shenqi Granula.Methods Chromasil C18 column(250 mm?4.6 mm)was used with acetonitrile-0.05% phosphoric acid solution(21∶79)as mobile phase.The flow rate was 1 mL/min and the detected wavelength was 203 nm.Results Ginsenosides Rg1 and Re could be baseline separated with in 30 min.The average recovery rates were 99.60% and 98.5%,corresponding RSD were 1.93% and 2.31% for ginsenoside Rg1 and Re,respectively(n=5).Conclusion This method is fast and accurate and can be used for quality control of Shenqi Granula.